Screw & Bolt Head Styles Guide
Screw & Bolt Head Styles Guide
Understanding head styles helps you choose the right fastener for your application — from flush countersinks to high-torque hex heads.
The head style determines how a fastener sits on the surface, what tool drives it, and how much torque can be applied. Choose based on whether you need flush mounting, bearing surface, or tool clearance.
Common Head Styles
Pan Head
Slightly rounded top with short vertical sides. Most common machine screw head style. Provides good bearing surface without excessive height.
Flat Head (82°)
Conical head sits flush with surface when used with countersunk hole. Standard 82° angle in North America. Creates smooth, snag-free surface.
Flat Head (100°)
Wider countersink angle used in metric/European standards. Requires matching 100° countersunk hole. Not interchangeable with 82°.
Hex Head
Six-sided head driven by wrench or socket. Provides maximum torque for structural applications. Standard for bolts and heavy-duty fasteners.
Hex Washer Head
Hex head with built-in washer flange. Distributes load without separate washer. Often has serrations to resist loosening.
Oval Head
Countersunk base with rounded dome top. Decorative appearance while partially recessing into surface. Popular for visible hardware.
Truss Head
Extra-wide, low-profile dome. Large bearing surface covers oversized or slotted holes. Resists pull-through in soft materials.
Round Head
High dome with flat bearing surface. Traditional appearance, largely replaced by pan head in modern applications.
Fillister Head
Deep slot with tall cylindrical sides. Accommodates deeper driver engagement. Used where high torque needed with slotted drive.
Bugle Head
Curved countersink designed to sit flush without pre-drilling. Self-countersinking in drywall and soft wood without tearing surface.
Wafer Head
Very thin, wide head for minimal protrusion. Used where clearance is critical or aesthetic flatness is required.
Binding Head
Domed head with undercut for wire or cord binding. Extended edge captures and holds wires in electrical applications.
Quick Reference Chart
| Head Style | Profile | Surface | Primary Use |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pan | Low | Above | General purpose machine screws |
| Flat (82°/100°) | Flush | Flush | Countersunk, flush mounting |
| Hex | High | Above | Structural, high torque |
| Hex Washer | Medium | Above | Self-drilling, sheet metal |
| Oval | Low dome | Partial | Decorative, trim |
| Truss | Very low | Above | Wide bearing, oversized holes |
| Bugle | Flush | Flush | Drywall, self-countersinking |
| Wafer | Ultra-low | Above | Low clearance, sheet metal |